Exposed tooth roots are a problem. Also known as gingival retraction or root exposure, this problem occurs when the roots of the teeth lose the protection of the gums, and are thus exposed to oral contents, such as plaque, tartar and bacteria. Therefore, in addition to root exposure causing a lot of discomfort and tooth sensitivity, it also facilitates the development of various oral diseases, especially cavities.
What is exposed tooth root?
First of all, it is necessary to understand that gingival retraction is not a disease but rather a consequence of the destruction of the periodontal structure (bone, ligaments and gingival tissues) that supports the tooth roots. Therefore, looking at the external part of the tooth, we can divide it into two parts: the crown, which is the part above the gums, and the root of the tooth, the part below the crown formed by the sensory pulp and dentin. This part of the root that, when exposed, will suffer gingival retraction.
Furthermore, when there is exposure and unprotection of the roots of the teeth, there will also be the appearance of some symptoms, such as painful twinges when brushing the teeth or toothache when chewing hot or cold foods, that is, the teeth become more sensitive and less stable.
Why is the tooth root exposed?
Most of the time, root exposure is caused by bad habits in the oral hygiene routine. However, there may be other associated factors, it will depend on the patient's lifestyle habits, or they may be linked to diseases.
Excessive force when brushing your teeth
In addition to using brushes with hard bristles, brushing too hard damages the gums and creates a process called abrasion. This process causes wear of the tooth structure, in the region close to the gums.
Not using dental floss or using it incorrectly
Having good oral hygiene is of paramount importance. Therefore, if there is no efficient brushing and flossing habit, what will occur is an accumulation of bacterial plaque — a colorless, white or yellowish film that forms on the teeth. This happens due to the accumulation of bacteria on the teeth that came from food debris. The biofilm that forms causes gingivitis, which affects gum health and can cause it to recede.
Periodontitis
Periodontitis is the result of untreated gingivitis. It is when the soft tissues surrounding the teeth becomes inflamed and infected. Periodontitis, also known as periodontal disease, is very common among the adult population. Currently, around 50% of adults suffer from the problem. However, many people end up not taking the situation seriously, which can result in the loss of teeth and the development of systemic diseases (which affect the entire body).
Genetics
People with family members who have, or have had, gum recession are more likely to develop this dental problem. Therefore, it is essential to analyze the patient's family history.
Mouth injury
Mouth injuries can damage teeth, moving them and exposing the roots.
Poorly aligned teeth
If your teeth are misaligned, it can make brushing and cleaning difficult. If teeth aren’t properly brushed, it can lead to gum disease, which causes gum recession and therefore exposure of the tooth roots.